Graphene

Do you know? Graphene is one of the world's common materials; if you write by a pencil , you leave some sheets of Graphene on the paper. Yet the material was discovered in 2004.It has become the hottest material of today world. Each and every scientist of this field is trying to manufacture Graphene commercially. though it has been manufactured on laboratory level but it is difficult to make it on commercial level. It has been determined the strongest material of today existing material. Now graphene is going to rewrite electronics in the near future.
what is graphene?
Graphene is actually a variety of carbon, one of nature's most ubiquitous materials. It has a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb rings. This structure makes it very hard, but also gives the unique property to conduct electrons.Grahpene is usually conceived as a single layer, but it can be rolled up into tubes as well.

why graphene is so valuable?
It can conduct electrons extremely fast. At room temperature, electrons move through graphene 100 times faster than they do in silicon. Thus using graphene instead of silicon will make super fast computers.

why can't we make graphene on commercial level?
We will not see a graphene based computer till we get graphene commercially.it would first be used probably in communication chips and not in personal computers.To be used as a semiconductor material, graphene needs other properties as well. it need a good insulator as SiO2 is there in case of Silicon chips.No such insulator is available up to this time.

How it is made these days?
Graphene is made by shaving off layers from graphite just when writing with a pencil. This is easy when you need small amounts, but impossible when you need large quantities.

some more informations.
A year ago, IBM made the world's fastest graphene-based processor. It worked at at frequency of 26 gigahertz(GHz), compared to the 5GHz of the fastest computer processor that we have now.




Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) near Boston announced that it made a processor that could work at 500GHz, and that had a potential of working at 1000GHz.
Thin films of graphene could provide a cheap replacement for the transparent and conductive indium tin oxide electrodes used in organic solar cells.