In a solar pumping Solar electric systems are sometimes called photovoltaic systems. The word “photovoltaic” is often abbreviated “PV.” Solar panel, or modules, generates direct current electricity. A group of modules is called an array. Modern solar panels are designed to withstand golf-ball-sized hail and usually come with 20 year warranties. this technology of solar pumping is very very green. this technology is not producing any green house effect.
There are two ways to mount solar modules in a solar pump: either on a fixed structure or on a tracking structure. Fixed mounts are less expensive and tolerate higher winds but have to be oriented to face true south. The tilt angle also needs to be adjusted. The usual recommendation is to adjust the tilt angle at to latitude minus 15 degrees for summer use or latitude plus 15 degree for winter use. Or you can make it 40 degree for throughout year. A tracking array follows the sun across the sky. A tracker will add at least $400 to $800 to the cost of a system, but in many cases this is a good investment since trackers can increase water volume by 25 percent or more in the summertime, compared to a fixed array. Trackers are generally “passive” meaning they don’t use electricity. Once the panels are fastened to a mounting structure, the system can easily be put on a trailer to make it portable. it increases efficiency of the solar pump.
In general, DC water pumps use one third to one half the energy of conventional AC pumps. DC pumps are classed as either displacement or centrifugal, and can be either submersible or surface types. Displacement pumps use diaphragms, vanes, or pistons to seal waterin a chamber and force it through a discharge outlet-similar to the way your heart pumps blood. Centrifugal pumps use a spinning impeller that adds energy to the water and pushes it into the discharge outlet, similar to the way water sprays off a spinning bicycle tire. Submersible pumps, placed down a well or sump, are highly reliable because they are not exposed to freezing temperatures, do not need special protection from the elements, and do not require priming. Surface pumps, located at or near the water surface, are used primarily for moving water through a pipeline. Some surface solar pumps can develop high heads and are suitable for moving water long distances or to high elevation.
The pump controller protects the pump from harmful high or low voltage and maximizes the amount of water pumped in less-than-ideal light conditions. An AC pump requires an inverter-an electronic component that converts DC electricity from the solar panels into AC electricity from the solar panels into AC electricity to operate the pump.
A float switch turns the pump on and off when filling the stock tank. It’s similar to the float in a toilet tank but is wired to the pump controller. Low-water cut-off electrodes protect the pump from low-water conditions in the well.
The average consumer is likely to be intimidated by the prospect of sizing and designing a solar pumping system, and most people need help from a qualified solar dealer. In general, dealers are eager to help.
A few words of caution are necessary as installing one of these systems is a complex task, combining elements of electrical work, plumbing, and heavy construction. Written instruction are not always complete as they should be. A backhoe or tractor with a front-end loader is almost a necessity for some larger proejects.
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